add second hard disk on linux server
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On a new server, second hard disk was not mounted, fdisk -l shows the hard disk.
fdisk
[email protected] [/home]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux /dev/sda2 14 60670 487227352+ 83 Linux /dev/sda3 60671 60801 1052257+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table [email protected] [/home]
Create Partition
For bigger HDD, use parted, it is better than fdisk, same commands like fdisk.
[email protected] [/home]# fdisk /dev/sdb Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 60801. There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024, and could in certain setups cause problems with: 1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO) 2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK) Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) Command (m for help): m Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only) Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-60801, default 1): Using default value 1 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-60801, default 60801): Using default value 60801 Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 60801 488384001 83 Linux Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. [email protected] [/home]#
[email protected] [/home]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux /dev/sda2 14 60670 487227352+ 83 Linux /dev/sda3 60671 60801 1052257+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 60801 488384001 83 Linux [email protected] [/home]#
Create File System
Format the disk with ext4 file system.
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
[[email protected] ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 18276352 inodes, 73103774 blocks 3655188 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296 2231 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 34 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. [[email protected] ~]#
Mount New Partition
[email protected] [/home]# mkdir /backup [email protected] [/home]# mount /dev/sdb1 /backup
Lets test
[email protected] [/home]# cd /backup [email protected] [/backup]# echo "1" > 1.txt [email protected] [/backup]# ls -la total 32 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Mar 29 17:02 ./ drwxr-xr-x 26 root root 4096 Mar 29 16:36 ../ -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2 Mar 29 17:02 1.txt drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Mar 29 16:59 lost+found/ [email protected] [/backup]# cd .. [email protected] [/]# umount /backup [email protected] [/]# ls -l /backup total 12 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 29 16:36 ./ drwxr-xr-x 26 root root 4096 Mar 29 16:36 ../ [email protected] [/]#
After unmount, the file we created missing, because it is actually created in the mounted hdd, not in folder /backup/
Add Entry in fstab
vi /etc/fstab
Add following line
/dev/sdb1 /backup ext4 defaults 1 2
Now run "mount -a" to mount all partitions.
[email protected] [/]# mount -a [email protected] [/]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 451G 5.2G 422G 2% / /dev/sda1 99M 18M 77M 19% /boot tmpfs 4.0G 0 4.0G 0% /dev/shm /usr/tmpDSK 485M 13M 447M 3% /tmp /dev/sdb1 459G 199M 435G 1% /backup [email protected] [/]#
Now you can see /backup available.
